![]() There are also natural wells in some parts of the Earth which release the helium gas constantly. Such a large amount of helium is mostly extracted from natural gas by fractional distillation. Industries require a large amount of helium gas to be used in cryogenics, airships, and for other purposes. It is mostly formed from minerals of Uranium and thorium due to their emission of alpha particles (positive ion of helium with 2+ charge). Most of the helium gas that is present on the Earth is due to radioactive decay of the heavy elements. It is mostly present in the upper atmosphere due to its lightweight and many times escape into space. Helium is a very abundant element in our universe but it is very rare in Earth’s atmosphere. Here are a few other uses of helium in different fields. ![]() MRI scanners require helium to keep the superconducting magnets cool that produce a strong magnetic field. But today most of the helium is used by industry of MRI Scanner. In a high-temperature nuclear reactor, helium is used as a coolant for the reactor in nuclear power generation.Helium was mostly used in lighter-than-air balloons for transportation because it is very light and a non-inflammable.It is used as a substituent for nitrogen in the breathing gas for deep-sea rivers.It is also used in various scientific experiments and in meteorological balloons.It is used for the formation of an inert atmosphere in welding metals.As a refrigerant, liquid helium is used in the chemistry and physics laboratory to create low-temperature.Such species are stable in vacuum only with bond order 0.5 and very high bond energy. ![]() If the pressure inside the spectrometer is suitably adjusted, the He + ion combines with the natural He atom to form a He 2 + ion. First, He + is formed when a He atom collides with an energetic electron in a high vacuum. The ionization energy of elements along the group decreases for higher members of the family.Ĭations like He + and He 2 + are formed in the mass spectrometer. For this reason, covalent bonding by hybridization in helium atoms is highly unfavorable.ĭue to very high ionization energy, ionic bonding is similarly difficult for the said element. The energy required for the promotion of an electron to the next available orbitals is quite large. The electronic configuration of the elements suggests that it contains completely filled s-orbitals with a very stable configuration. Chemistry of Helium GasĪll the elements of the noble gas family, except He, have an s 2p 6 configuration but He has a closed-shell 1s 2 configuration. The most economical source of helium is natural gas which contains 7 percent of noble gas. It occurs to the extent of 5.24 ppm by volume in dry air and 3 × 10 −3 ppm by weight of igneous rocks. He-4 is formed by the alpha-ray decay of radioactive elements and He-3 is formed by the nuclear reaction of cosmic radiation. Helium consists of two stable isotopes like 4He and 3He. Due to its lightweight, it is present in the earth’s atmosphere in very negligible amounts to the extent of one percent. Helium (23 percent) is the second most abundant element after hydrogen (76 percent). It is the only s-block element that is placed along with p-block elements. Helium is a noble gas that places in group-18 and period-1 in the periodic table. The name is derived from the Greek word ‘helios’ meaning sun Sir William Ramsay and independently by Per Teodor Cleve and Nils Abraham Langlet in 1895 The lack of chemical reactivity of noble gases like helium is the reason to call it inert gas. Helium is the second least reactive noble gas after neon and the second least reactive element of the periodic table. Ramsay suggested that helium and argon belong to a new group like zero groups in the periodic table with the other three gases to complete the table. Palmieri in the spectrum of volcanic gases. Scientists Lockyer and Frankland assigned it to the new element named helium from the Greek word helios meaning sun. Discoveryĭuring the solar eclipse, a new yellow line of the electromagnetic spectrum was first observed in the sun chromophore. Helium is the second lightest element after hydrogen which can not be solidified at normal temperature and pressure. It is a monatomic noble gas that lies in group 18 of the periodic table. Helium is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, chemical element with the chemical symbol He, atomic number 2.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |